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Cipro, also known as Ciprofloxacin (INN), is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic which belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of medicines. This medication is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial, from the second-generation, which interferes with enzymes in the body and removes bacteria leading to a rewind in the DNA once copied. This ceases DNS and protein synthesis.

Cipro is sold all over the world and is known by more than three hundred varying brand names. This medication is marketed as Baycip, Cipro, Cipro XR, Cipro XL, Ciloxan, Ciflox, Ciproxin, Prociflor, and recently, Proquin in the United States, the UK and Canada. It is also marketed as "Cetraxal" in Spain and Ciprex in Russia and India. Cipro is also sold as a variety of brands throughout the world, as a generic drug.

First patented by Bayer A.G. In 1983, Cipro was then approved by the U.S.A. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in 1987. There are 12 officially FDA-approved uses for humans and veterinary applications, however, there are many well known unapproved uses for Cipro (known as off-label uses). It must be mentioned that Cipro can interact with natural and herbal supplements, other drugs and thyroid medications.

The FDA has included two Black Box cautions to Cipro, as of 2011, referencing to the unexpected ruptures of tendons and concerns that Cipro usage can lead to myasthenia gravis symptoms becoming worse, which includes breathing difficulties and muscle weakness. Adverse responses to Cipro such as there can lead to a potentially life-threatening situation which may require the support of a ventilator in order to save the patients life.

As a broad-spectrum antibiotic, Cipro works against bacteria which is Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Functioning to inhibit DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, and topoisomerase IV, it inhibits cells from dividing enzymes necessary for the seperation of bacterial DNA..

When prescribing this medication, a doctor must evaluate the status of their patient's hepatic function and renal function in order to limit the changes of excess accumulation of this medication which can cause an overdose and consequently lead to the development of toxicity. The patient removes Cipro from their body through normal renal excretion. It should also be noted that Cipro will also be partially cleared and metabolized through the intestines and liver.